![]() Parvalbumin neurons and gamma rhythms enhance cortical circuit performance. Dynamics of neuronal firing correlation: modulation of' effective connectivity'. ![]() Synchronous activity in the visual system. Sharp, local synchrony among putative feed-forward inhibitory interneurons of rabbit somatosensory cortex. Oscillations and filtering networks support flexible routing of information. Correlated neuronal activity and the flow of neural information. Stimulus-specific neuronal oscillations in orientation columns of cat visual cortex. The Correlation Theory of Brain Function (Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Gottingen, Germany, 1981). We explore new avenues for experimental and computational understanding of the role of spatiotemporal activity patterns in the cortex. During the large low-frequency rhythms of sleep or the relatively desynchronized state of the awake cortex, travelling waves may serve a variety of functions, from long-term memory consolidation to processing of dynamic visual stimuli. We place these findings in the context of the current theoretical understanding of wave generation and propagation in recurrent networks. Here, we review recent experimental findings that have found evidence for travelling waves at single-area (mesoscopic) and whole-brain (macroscopic) scales. They travel along brain networks at multiple scales, transiently modulating spiking and excitability as they pass. These waves can be spontaneously generated by recurrent circuits or evoked by external stimuli. Multichannel recording technologies have revealed travelling waves of neural activity in multiple sensory, motor and cognitive systems.
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